#!/usr/bin/env python3
from math import inf as infinity
from random import choice
import platform
import time
from os import system
HUMAN = -1
COMP = +1
board = [
[0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0],
]
def evaluate(state):
"""
Function to heuristic evaluation of state.
:param state: the state of the current board
:return: +1 if the computer wins; -1 if the human wins; 0 draw
"""
if wins(state, COMP):
score = +1
elif wins(state, HUMAN):
score = -1
else:
score = 0
return score
def wins(state, player):
"""
This function tests if a specific player wins. Possibilities:
* Three rows [X X X] or [O O O]
* Three cols [X X X] or [O O O]
* Two diagonals [X X X] or [O O O]
:param state: the state of the current board
:param player: a human or a computer
:return: True if the player wins
"""
win_state = [
[state[0][0], state[0][1], state[0][2]],
[state[1][0], state[1][1], state[1][2]],
[state[2][0], state[2][1], state[2][2]],
[state[0][0], state[1][0], state[2][0]],
[state[0][1], state[1][1], state[2][1]],
[state[0][2], state[1][2], state[2][2]],
[state[0][0], state[1][1], state[2][2]],
[state[2][0], state[1][1], state[0][2]],
]
if [player, player, player] in win_state:
return True
else:
return False
def game_over(state):
"""
This function test if the human or computer wins
:param state: the state of the current board
:return: True if the human or computer wins
"""
return wins(state, HUMAN) or wins(state, COMP)
def empty_cells(state):
"""
Each empty cell will be added into cells' list
:param state: the state of the current board
:return: a list of empty cells
"""
cells = []
for x, row in enumerate(state):
for y, cell in enumerate(row):
if cell == 0:
cells.append([x, y])
return cells
def valid_move(x, y):
"""
A move is valid if the chosen cell is empty
:param x: X coordinate
:param y: Y coordinate
:return: True if the board[x][y] is empty
"""
if [x, y] in empty_cells(board):
return True
else:
return False
def set_move(x, y, player):
"""
Set the move on board, if the coordinates are valid
:param x: X coordinate
:param y: Y coordinate
:param player: the current player
"""
if valid_move(x, y):
board[x][y] = player
return True
else:
return False
def minimax(state, depth, player):
"""
AI function that choice the best move
:param state: current state of the board
:param depth: node index in the tree (0 <= depth <= 9),
but never nine in this case (see iaturn() function)
:param player: an human or a computer
:return: a list with [the best row, best col, best score]
"""
if player == COMP:
best = [-1, -1, -infinity]
else:
best = [-1, -1, +infinity]
if depth == 0 or game_over(state):
score = evaluate(state)
return [-1, -1, score]
for cell in empty_cells(state):
x, y = cell[0], cell[1]
state[x][y] = player
score = minimax(state, depth - 1, -player)
state[x][y] = 0
score[0], score[1] = x, y
if player == COMP:
if score[2] > best[2]:
best = score # max value
else:
if score[2] < best[2]:
best = score # min value
return best
def clean():
"""
Clears the console
"""
os_name = platform.system().lower()
if 'windows' in os_name:
system('cls')
else:
system('clear')
def render(state, c_choice, h_choice):
"""
Print the board on console
:param state: current state of the board
"""
chars = {
-1: h_choice,
+1: c_choice,
0: ' '
}
str_line = '---------------'
print('\n' + str_line)
for row in state:
for cell in row:
symbol = chars[cell]
print(f'| {symbol} |', end='')
print('\n' + str_line)
def ai_turn(c_choice, h_choice):
"""
It calls the minimax function if the depth < 9,
else it choices a random coordinate.
:param c_choice: computer's choice X or O
:param h_choice: human's choice X or O
:return:
"""
depth = len(empty_cells(board))
if depth == 0 or game_over(board):
return
clean()
print(f'Computer turn [{c_choice}]')
render(board, c_choice, h_choice)
if depth == 9:
x = choice([0, 1, 2])
y = choice([0, 1, 2])
else:
move = minimax(board, depth, COMP)
x, y = move[0], move[1]
set_move(x, y, COMP)
time.sleep(1)
def human_turn(c_choice, h_choice):
"""
The Human plays choosing a valid move.
:param c_choice: computer's choice X or O
:param h_choice: human's choice X or O
:return:
"""
depth = len(empty_cells(board))
if depth == 0 or game_over(board):
return
# Dictionary of valid moves
move = -1
moves = {
1: [0, 0], 2: [0, 1], 3: [0, 2],
4: [1, 0], 5: [1, 1], 6: [1, 2],
7: [2, 0], 8: [2, 1], 9: [2, 2],
}
clean()
print(f'Human turn [{h_choice}]')
render(board, c_choice, h_choice)
while move < 1 or move > 9:
try:
move = int(input('Use numpad (1..9): '))
coord = moves[move]
can_move = set_move(coord[0], coord[1], HUMAN)
if not can_move:
print('Bad move')
move = -1
except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
print('Bye')
exit()
except (KeyError, ValueError):
print('Bad choice')
def main():
"""
Main function that calls all functions
"""
clean()
h_choice = '' # X or O
c_choice = '' # X or O
first = '' # if human is the first
# Human chooses X or O to play
while h_choice != 'O' and h_choice != 'X':
try:
print('')
h_choice = input('Choose X or O\nChosen: ').upper()
except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
print('Bye')
exit()
except (KeyError, ValueError):
print('Bad choice')
# Setting computer's choice
if h_choice == 'X':
c_choice = 'O'
else:
c_choice = 'X'
# Human may starts first
clean()
while first != 'Y' and first != 'N':
try:
first = input('First to start?[y/n]: ').upper()
except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
print('Bye')
exit()
except (KeyError, ValueError):
print('Bad choice')
# Main loop of this game
while len(empty_cells(board)) > 0 and not game_over(board):
if first == 'N':
ai_turn(c_choice, h_choice)
first = ''
human_turn(c_choice, h_choice)
ai_turn(c_choice, h_choice)
# Game over message
if wins(board, HUMAN):
clean()
print(f'Human turn [{h_choice}]')
render(board, c_choice, h_choice)
print('YOU WIN!')
elif wins(board, COMP):
clean()
print(f'Computer turn [{c_choice}]')
render(board, c_choice, h_choice)
print('YOU LOSE!')
else:
clean()
render(board, c_choice, h_choice)
print('DRAW!')
exit()
main()
