Category Archives: Python
Pygame Sprite Motion with Wrap-Around
import pygame
WIDTH = 500
HEIGHT = 500
FPS = 60
#define colors
#colors are defined in red,green,blue
#values from 0-255
WHITE = (255,255,255)
BLACK = (0,0,0)
RED = (255,0,0)
GREEN = (0,255,0)
BLUE = (0,0,255)
YELLOW = (255,255,0)
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH,HEIGHT))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.Surface((50,40))
self.image.fill(GREEN)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.centerx = 30
self.rect.centery = 30
self.speedx = 0
self.speedy = 0
self.ticker = 0
def update(self):
speed = 5
self.speedx = 0
self.speedy = 0
keystate = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keystate[pygame.K_LEFT]:
self.speedx = -speed
if keystate[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
self.speedx = speed
if keystate[pygame.K_UP]:
self.speedy = -speed
self.ticker += 1 #NEW CODE
if keystate[pygame.K_DOWN]:
self.speedy = speed
self.ticker += 1 #NEW CODE
self.rect.x += self.speedx
#HERE IS WHERE WE
self.ticker = self.ticker % 20
if self.ticker >9:
self.image.fill(GREEN)
else:
self.image.fill(BLUE)
#HERE WE ARE GOING TO WRAP AROUND THE EDGES IF THE SPRITE
#GOES OFF THE SCREEN
#REMEMBER THAT X IS LEFT TO RIGHT AND Y IS UP AND DOWN
if self.rect.x > WIDTH:
self.rect.x = 0
if self.rect.x < 0:
self.rect.x = WIDTH
self.rect.y += self.speedy
if self.rect.y > HEIGHT:
self.rect.y = 0
if self.rect.y < 0:
self.rect.y = HEIGHT
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
james = Player()
all_sprites.add(james)
running = True
while running:
clock.tick(FPS)
pygame.event.get()
all_sprites.update()
screen.fill(BLACK)
all_sprites.draw(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
Python Brickbreaker with Tkinter
from tkinter import *
import random
import time
tk = Tk()
tk.title("Game")
tk.resizable(0, 0)
tk.wm_attributes("-topmost", 1)
canvas = Canvas(tk, width=500, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
canvas.pack()
tk.update()
class Ball:
def __init__(self, canvas, paddle, color):
self.canvas = canvas
self.paddle = paddle
self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)
self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)
starts = [-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3]
random.shuffle(starts)
self.x = starts[0]
self.y = -3
self.canvas_height = self.canvas.winfo_height()
self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()
def draw(self):
self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y)
pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)
if pos[1] <= 0:
self.y = 3
if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height:
self.y = -3
if self.hit_paddle(pos) == True:
self.y = -3
if pos[0] <= 0:
self.x = 3
if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:
self.x = -3
def hit_paddle(self, pos):
paddle_pos = self.canvas.coords(self.paddle.id)
if pos[2] >= paddle_pos[0] and pos[0] <= paddle_pos[2]:
if pos[3] >= paddle_pos[1] and pos[3] <= paddle_pos[3]:
return True
return False
class Paddle:
def __init__(self, canvas, color):
self.canvas = canvas
self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 10, fill=color)
self.canvas.move(self.id, 200, 300)
self.x = 0
self.canvas_width = self.canvas.winfo_width()
self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.turn_left)
self.canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.turn_right)
def turn_left(self, evt):
self.x = -2
def turn_right(self, evt):
self.x = 2
def draw(self):
self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0)
pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id)
if pos[0] <= 0:
self.x = 0
elif pos[2] >= self.canvas_width:
self.x = 0
paddle = Paddle(canvas, 'blue')
ball = Ball(canvas, paddle, 'red')
while 1:
ball.draw()
paddle.draw()
tk.update_idletasks()
tk.update()
time.sleep(0.01)
PyGame Basic Setup
import pygame
import random
WIDTH = 480
HEIGHT = 480
FPS = 30
# define colors
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
# initialize pygame and create window
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("My Game")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# Game loop
running = True
while running:
# keep loop running at the right speed
clock.tick(FPS)
# Process input (events)
for event in pygame.event.get():
# check for closing window
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# Update
# Draw / render
screen.fill(BLACK)
# *after* drawing everything, flip the display
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
Python Turtle Demo Spirograph
<br> import random,time,turtle<br>bai = turtle.Turtle()<br>bai.pendown<br>bai.speed(10)<br>bai.tracer(300)<br>bai.hideturtle()<br>for i in range (1000):<br> for i in range(4):<br> for i in range (40):<br> bai.forward(50)<br> bai.left(100)<br> r = random.randint(0,255)<br> g = random.randint(0,255)<br> b = random.randint(0,255)<br> bai.pencolor((r,g,b))<br> for i in range(4):<br> bai.forward(10)<br> bai.left(90)<br> time.sleep(0.1)<br> bai.penup<br> bai.forward(100)<br> bai.pendown
<br><br> import turtle<br>import time<br>import random<br>bob = turtle.Turtle()<br>bob.tracer(300)<br>bob.pendown()<br>bob.hideturtle()<br>for i in range (20):<br> for i in range(200):<br> bob.forward(158)<br> bob.left(200)<br> bob.right(1)<br> r = random.randint(1,255)<br> g = random.randint(1,255)<br> b = random.randint(1,255)<br> bob.pencolor((r,g,b))<br> time.sleep(0.1) <br>
Hacking 3/12
PART 1
uname = “Mufasa”
password = “Circle Of Life”
realm = “testrealm@host.com“
nonce=”
uri=”/dir/index.html”
nc=”00000001″ # note this is a string
cnonce=”0a4f113b”
ha1 = hashlib.md5((uname+’:’+realm+’
ha2 = hashlib.md5((‘GET:’+uri).
response = hashlib.md5((ha1+’:’+nonce+’:’
print(response)
PART 2
from string import ascii_letters, digits
import itertools
import sys
for len in range(1,8):
for letters in itertools.product(ascii_
guess=”.join(letters)
if happy_result(guess):
print(‘Password found:’, guess)
sys.exit()
print(‘Epic fail! Try harder next time.’)
RSA Encryption
woE7ewVfwoAzbwXCgC5iMyRvBTvCgGBiOy4=
public key: e=5, n=133
import random
import base64
'''
Euclid's algorithm to determine the greatest common divisor
'''
def gcd(a,b):
while b != 0:
c = a % b
a = b
b = c
return a
def egcd(a, b):
if a == 0:
return (b, 0, 1)
g, y, x = egcd(b%a,a)
return (g, x - (b//a) * y, y)
def modinv(a, m):
g, x, y = egcd(a, m)
if g != 1:
raise Exception('No modular inverse')
return x%m
def encrypt(plaintext,keypair):
e,n = keypair
# Encrypt the plaintext
cipher = ''.join([chr(pow(ord(char),e,n)) for char in plaintext])
# Encode the ciphertext so it's more readable/sharable
encoded = base64.b64encode(cipher.encode('utf-8'))
return str(encoded,'utf-8')
def decrypt(ciphertext,keypair):
d,n = keypair
# Decode the text to the original format
decoded = base64.b64decode(ciphertext).decode('utf-8')
# Decrypt it
plain = (str(chr(pow(ord(char),d,n))) for char in decoded)
return ''.join(plain)
def generate_keypair(p,q,e=None):
n = p * q
#Phi is the totient of n
phi = (p-1)*(q-1)
#Choose an integer e such that e and phi(n) are coprime
if e is None:
e = random.randrange(1, phi)
#Use Euclid's Algorithm to verify that e and phi(n) are comprime
g = gcd(e, phi)
while g != 1:
e = random.randrange(1, phi)
g = gcd(e, phi)
#Now find the multiplicative inverse of e and phi to generate the private key
d = modinv(e, phi)
return ((e,n),(d,n))
#Only run this part if we're not running as an imported module
if __name__ == '__main__':
p = int(input("Enter prime number p: "))
q = int(input("Enter prime number q: "))
public, private = generate_keypair(p,q)
print("Your public key is the number pair of (e=" + str(public[0]) + ", n=" + str(public[1]) +").\n")
print("Your private key is the number pair of (d=" + str(private[0]) + ", n=" + str(private[1]) +").\n")
s = input("Enter your message: ")
encrypted = encrypt(s,public)
print("Encrypted message: " + encrypted)
decrypted = decrypt(encrypted,private)
print("Decrypt: " + decrypted)
BMP-280 with Raspberry Pi and Python Wiring/Code
Adafruit Source
Python Computer Wiring
Since there’s dozens of Linux computers/boards you can use we will show wiring for Raspberry Pi. For other platforms, please visit the guide for CircuitPython on Linux to see whether your platform is supported.
Here’s the Raspberry Pi wired with I2C:
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And an example on the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B wired with SPI:
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CircuitPython Installation of BMP280 Library
You’ll need to install the Adafruit CircuitPython BMP280 library on your CircuitPython board.
First make sure you are running the latest version of Adafruit CircuitPython for your board.
Next you’ll need to install the necessary libraries to use the hardware–carefully follow the steps to find and install these libraries from Adafruit’s CircuitPython library bundle. Our CircuitPython starter guide has a great page on how to install the library bundle.
For non-express boards like the Trinket M0 or Gemma M0, you’ll need to manually install the necessary libraries from the bundle:
- adafruit_bmp280.mpy
- adafruit_bus_device
Before continuing make sure your board’s lib folder or root filesystem has the adafruit_bmp280.mpy, and adafruit_bus_device files and folders copied over.
Next connect to the board’s serial REPL so you are at the CircuitPython >>> prompt.
Python Installation of BMP280 Library
You’ll need to install the Adafruit_Blinka library that provides the CircuitPython support in Python. This may also require enabling I2C on your platform and verifying you are running Python 3. Since each platform is a little different, and Linux changes often, please visit the CircuitPython on Linux guide to get your computer ready!
Once that’s done, from your command line run the following command:
sudo pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-bmp280
If your default Python is version 3 you may need to run ‘pip’ instead. Just make sure you aren’t trying to use CircuitPython on Python 2.x, it isn’t supported!
CircuitPython & Python Usage
To demonstrate the usage of the sensor we’ll initialize it and read the temperature, humidity, and more from the board’s Python REPL.
If you’re using an I2C connection run the following code to import the necessary modules and initialize the I2C connection with the sensor:
Download: file
- import board
- import busio
- import adafruit_bmp280
- i2c = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
- sensor = adafruit_bmp280.Adafruit_BMP280_I2C(i2c)
Or if you’re using a SPI connection run this code instead to setup the SPI connection and sensor:
Download: file
- import board
- import busio
- import digitalio
- import adafruit_bmp280
- spi = busio.SPI(board.SCK, MOSI=board.MOSI, MISO=board.MISO)
- cs = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D5)
- sensor = adafruit_bmp280.Adafruit_BMP280_SPI(spi, cs)
Now you’re ready to read values from the sensor using any of these properties:
- temperature – The sensor temperature in degrees Celsius.
- pressure – The pressure in hPa.
- altitude – The altitude in meters.
For example to print temperature and pressure:
Download: file
- print(‘Temperature: {} degrees C’.format(sensor.temperature))
- print(‘Pressure: {}hPa’.format(sensor.pressure))
For altitude you’ll want to set the pressure at sea level for your location to get the most accurate measure (remember these sensors can only infer altitude based on pressure and need a set calibration point). Look at your local weather report for a pressure at sea level reading and set the seaLevelhPA property:
Download: file
- sensor.sea_level_pressure = 1013.25
Then read the altitude property for a more accurate altitude reading (but remember this altitude will fluctuate based on atmospheric pressure changes!):
Download: file
- print(‘Altitude: {} meters’.format(sensor.altitude))
That’s all there is to using the BMP280 sensor with CircuitPython!
Here’s a starting example that will print out the temperature, pressure and altitude every 2 seconds:
- import time
- import board
- # import digitalio # For use with SPI
- import busio
- import adafruit_bmp280
- # Create library object using our Bus I2C port
- i2c = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
- bmp280 = adafruit_bmp280.Adafruit_BMP280_I2C(i2c)
- # OR create library object using our Bus SPI port
- #spi = busio.SPI(board.SCK, board.MOSI, board.MISO)
- #bmp_cs = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D10)
- #bmp280 = adafruit_bmp280.Adafruit_BMP280_SPI(spi, bmp_cs)
- # change this to match the location’s pressure (hPa) at sea level
- bmp280.sea_level_pressure = 1013.25
- while True:
- print(“\nTemperature: %0.1f C” % bmp280.temperature)
- print(“Pressure: %0.1f hPa” % bmp280.pressure)
- print(“Altitude = %0.2f meters” % bmp280.altitude)
- time.sleep(2)
Chatroom Source
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(('0.0.0.0',25565))
s.listen(10)
while True:
print('waiting for new connection')
conn,addr = s.accept()
print('New connection: ' + str(addr))
motd = "Welcome to PolyChat!"
conn.sendto(bytes(motd,'utf-8'), addr)
char = ''
message = ''
while char != None and char != 'q':
char,temp = conn.recvfrom(1024)
char = char.decode('utf-8')
message += char
print(message)
conn.close()
Platformer Python Code
import turtle, random,time
map = input('Select a map from 1-8 or press 9 for random map')
max = 8
map = int(map)
if map == max:
map = random.randint(1,max-1)
if map == 1:
mapName = "v"
if map == 2:
mapName = "d"
if map == 3:
mapName = "m"
if map == 4:
mapName = "a"
if map == 5:
mapName = "j"
if map == 6:
mapName = "e (1)"
if map == 7:
mapName = "t"
if map == 8:
mapName = "l"
charlist = ['rainbowbob','Kataniguana','yurp','REEE','Zhane','america','lightning','Goku','Symmetra','Dva','Junkrat2','Mercy','soldier']
print(charlist)
char1 = int(input('Player 1 Choose a character from the list.'))
char2 = int(input('Player 2 Choose a character from the list.'))
char1 = charlist[char1-1]
char2 = charlist[char2-1]
you = turtle.Turtle()
you.penup()
them = turtle.Turtle()
them.penup()
ball = turtle.Turtle()
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.setup(400, 400)
direction = "up"
screen.bgpic(mapName+".png")
screen.addshape(char1+".png")
you.shape(char1+".png")
screen.addshape(char2+".png")
them.shape(char2+".png")
move_speed = 10
##MOVEMENT CODE FOR SPRITE 1 (YOU)
def up():
xold = you.xcor()
yold = you.ycor()
you.sety(you.ycor()+move_speed)
if you.ycor()> 200:
you.sety(-200)
print(str(you.xcor())+','+str(you.ycor()))
findbox(xold,yold)
def down():
xold = you.xcor()
yold = you.ycor()
you.sety(you.ycor()-move_speed)
if you.ycor()< -200:
you.sety(200)
print(str(you.xcor())+','+str(you.ycor()))
findbox(xold,yold)
def left():
xold = you.xcor()
yold = you.ycor()
you.setx(you.xcor()-move_speed)
if you.xcor()< -200:
you.setx(200)
print(str(you.xcor())+','+str(you.ycor()))
findbox(xold,yold)
def right():
xold = you.xcor()
yold = you.ycor()
you.setx(you.xcor()+move_speed)
if you.xcor()> 200:
you.setx(-200)
print(str(you.xcor())+','+str(you.ycor()))
findbox(xold,yold)
def jump():
up()
up()
up()
time.sleep(0.1)
down()
down()
down()
##MOVEMENT CODE FOR SPRITE 2 (THEM)
def up2():
xold2 = them.xcor()
yold2 = them.ycor()
them.sety(them.ycor()+move_speed)
if them.ycor()> 200:
them.sety(-200)
print(str(them.xcor())+','+str(them.ycor()))
findbox(xold2,yold2)
def down2():
xold2 = them.xcor()
yold2 = them.ycor()
them.sety(them.ycor()-move_speed)
if them.ycor()< -200:
them.sety(200)
print(str(them.xcor())+','+str(them.ycor()))
findbox(xold2,yold2)
def left2():
xold2 = them.xcor()
yold2 = them.ycor()
them.setx(them.xcor()-move_speed)
if them.xcor()< -200:
them.setx(200)
print(str(them.xcor())+','+str(them.ycor()))
findbox(xold2,yold2)
def right2():
xold2 = them.xcor()
yold2 = them.ycor()
them.setx(them.xcor()+move_speed)
if them.xcor()> 200:
them.setx(-200)
print(str(them.xcor())+','+str(them.ycor()))
findbox(xold2,yold2)
def jump2():
up2()
up2()
up2()
time.sleep(0.1)
down2()
down2()
down2()
def findbox(xold, yold):
if map == 1:
coords = [
[30,90,90,180],
[10,120,30,70],
[160,200,-10,70],
[-160,-20,20,70],
[-200,-180,20,80],
[-80,-10,100,180],
[-170,-120,100,200],
[-190,-100,-80,-30],
[-40,10,-90,-40]]
if map == 7:
coords = [
[10,180,-110,-70],
[10,180,-160,-120],
[10,180,-180,-160],
[-80,0,-180,-60],
[-190,-90,-170,-60],
[120,200,70,200],
[20,70,80,190],
[-160,-20,120,190],
[-170,-120,70,100],
[-120,-80,70,100],
[-70,-30,70,100]]
sprites = [you, them]
for i in sprites:
for j in coords:
if i.xcor() > j[0] and i.xcor() < j[1]:
if i.ycor() > j[2] and i.ycor() < j[3]:
print('you are in the box')
i.setx(xold)
i.sety(yold)
def fly(ball):
global direction
ball.hideturtle()
ball.setx(you.xcor())
ball.sety(you.ycor())
ball.pendown()
if direction == "up":
ball.sety(200)
if direction == "down":
ball.sety(-200)
if direction == "left":
ball.setx(-200)
if direction == "right":
ball.setx(200)
ball.penup()
ball.showturtle()
you.penup()
you.speed(0)
you.home()
you.left(90)
them.penup()
them.speed(0)
them.home()
them.left(90)
screen.onkey(up, "Up")
screen.onkey(down, "Down")
screen.onkey(left, "Left")
screen.onkey(right, "Right")
screen.onkey(jump,"Space")
screen.onkey(up2, "w")
screen.onkey(down2, "s")
screen.onkey(left2, "a")
screen.onkey(right2, "d")
screen.onkey(jump2,"x")
screen.listen()