Category Archives: Raspberry Pi

Balloon Code V3

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import os
import picamera
import serial
import time
import board
import adafruit_bmp280
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO


GPIO.setwarnings(False)
#GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(18, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.LOW)

i2c = board.I2C()
bmp = adafruit_bmp280.Adafruit_BMP280_I2C(i2c)
bmp.sea_level_pressure = 1013.25

camera = picamera.PiCamera()
camera.resolution = (1280, 720)
camera.rotation = 180
framerate = 5
camera.framerate = framerate
camera.annotate_text_size = 18

gps = "GPS Data"
gpsPort = "/dev/ttyACM0"
gpsSerial = serial.Serial(gpsPort, baudrate = 9600, timeout = 0.5)

def getPicture(annotation):
    filename = "/home/pi/Pictures/" + str(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) + ".jpg"

    try:
        camera.start_preview()
        time.sleep(2.5)
        camera.annotate_text = annotation
        camera.capture(filename)
        camera.stop_preview()
    except Exception as error:
        return(error)
       
        camera.stop_preview()

    return filename

def getVideo(length):
    filename = "/home/pi/Videos/" + str(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) + ".mp4"
   
    try:
        camera.start_recording("/home/pi/testVideo.h264")

        for index in range(length):
            start = time.time()

            camera.annotate_text = (annotate())
           
            end = time.time()
           
            elapsed = start - end

            if elapsed <= 1:
                time.sleep(1 - elapsed)
       
        camera.stop_recording()
    except Exception as error:
        return(error)

    os.system("ffmpeg -r " + str(framerate) + " -i /home/pi/testVideo.h264 -vcodec copy " + filename)
    os.system("del /home/pi/testVideo.h264")
   
    return filename

def gpgga():
    output = ""
    emailgps = ""
    try:
        n = 1
        while output == "" and n<50:
            gps = str(gpsSerial.readline())
            #print(n)
            if (gps[2:8] == "$GPGGA" or gps[2:8] == "$GNGGA"):
                gps = gps.split(",")
                #lat long formatted for digital maps
                latgps = gps[2][0:2] + ' ' + gps[2][2:]
                longgps = '-'+gps[4][1:3] + ' ' + gps[4][3:]
                emailgps = latgps+','+longgps

                latDeg = int(gps[2][0:2])
                latMin = int(gps[2][2:4])
                latSec = round(float(gps[2][5:9]) * (3/500))
                latNS = gps[3]
                output += "Latitude: " + str(latDeg) + " deg " + str(latMin) + "'" + str(latSec) + '" ' + latNS + "\n"
               
                longDeg = int(gps[4][0:3])
                longMin = int(gps[4][3:5])
                longSec = round(float(gps[4][6:10]) * (3/500))
                longEW = gps[5]
                output += "Longitude: " + str(longDeg) + " deg " + str(longMin) + "'" + str(longSec) + '" ' + longEW + "\n"
               
                alt = float(gps[9])
                output += "Altitude: " + str(alt) + " m" + "\n"

                sat = int(gps[7])
                output += "Satellites: " + str(sat)
            n+=1
        return [output,emailgps]
    except Exception as error:
        return ["",""]

def gprmc():
    output = ""
   
    try:
        n = 1
        while output == "" and n<50:
            #print(n)
            gps = str(gpsSerial.readline())
           
            if gps[2:8] == "$GPRMC" or gps[2:8] == "$GNRMC":
                gps = gps.split(",")

                output = ""

                speed = round(float(gps[7]) * 1852)/1000
                output += "Speed: " + str(speed) + " km/h"
            n+=1
        return output
       
    except Exception as error:
        return("")

def gps():
    try:
        output = gpgga()[0] + "\n" + gprmc()
        return output
    except Exception as error:
        return("")

def accurate_altitude():
    try:
        output = 'BMP280 Altitude: {} m'.format(round(bmp.altitude))
        return output
    except Exception as error:
        return("")

def annotate():
    timeNow = str(time.strftime("%a %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
    locationNow = gps()
    bmpa = accurate_altitude()
    annotation = timeNow + "\n" + locationNow + "\n" + bmpa
    return annotation


def flyBalloon():
    while True:
        try:      
            getVideo(10) #40
            GPIO.output(18, GPIO.HIGH)
            getPicture("")
            getPicture(annotate())
            GPIO.output(18,GPIO.LOW)
        except Exception as error:
            return(error)

flyBalloon()

BMP-280 with Raspberry Pi and Python Wiring/Code

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Adafruit Source

Python Computer Wiring

Since there’s dozens of Linux computers/boards you can use we will show wiring for Raspberry Pi. For other platforms, please visit the guide for CircuitPython on Linux to see whether your platform is supported.

Here’s the Raspberry Pi wired with I2C:

  • adafruit_products_raspi_bmp280_i2c_bb.png
  • Pi 3V3 to sensor VIN
  • Pi GND to sensor GND
  • Pi SCL to sensor SCK
  • Pi SDA to sensor SDI

And an example on the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B wired with SPI:

  • adafruit_products_raspi_bme280_spi_bb.png
  • Pi 3V3 to sensor VIN
  • Pi GND to sensor GND
  • Pi MOSI to sensor SDI
  • Pi MISO to sensor SDO
  • Pi SCLK to sensor SCK
  • Pi #5 to sensor CS (or use any other free GPIO pin)

CircuitPython Installation of BMP280 Library

You’ll need to install the Adafruit CircuitPython BMP280 library on your CircuitPython board.

First make sure you are running the latest version of Adafruit CircuitPython for your board.

Next you’ll need to install the necessary libraries to use the hardware–carefully follow the steps to find and install these libraries from Adafruit’s CircuitPython library bundle.  Our CircuitPython starter guide has a great page on how to install the library bundle.

For non-express boards like the Trinket M0 or Gemma M0, you’ll need to manually install the necessary libraries from the bundle:

  • adafruit_bmp280.mpy
  • adafruit_bus_device

Before continuing make sure your board’s lib folder or root filesystem has the adafruit_bmp280.mpy, and adafruit_bus_device files and folders copied over.

Next connect to the board’s serial REPL so you are at the CircuitPython >>> prompt.

Python Installation of BMP280 Library

You’ll need to install the Adafruit_Blinka library that provides the CircuitPython support in Python. This may also require enabling I2C on your platform and verifying you are running Python 3. Since each platform is a little different, and Linux changes often, please visit the CircuitPython on Linux guide to get your computer ready!

Once that’s done, from your command line run the following command:

  • sudo pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-bmp280

If your default Python is version 3 you may need to run ‘pip’ instead. Just make sure you aren’t trying to use CircuitPython on Python 2.x, it isn’t supported!

CircuitPython & Python Usage

To demonstrate the usage of the sensor we’ll initialize it and read the temperature, humidity, and more from the board’s Python REPL.

If you’re using an I2C connection run the following code to import the necessary modules and initialize the I2C connection with the sensor:

 Download: file

  1. import board
  2. import busio
  3. import adafruit_bmp280
  4. i2c = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
  5. sensor = adafruit_bmp280.Adafruit_BMP280_I2C(i2c)

Or if you’re using a SPI connection run this code instead to setup the SPI connection and sensor:

 Download: file

  1. import board
  2. import busio
  3. import digitalio
  4. import adafruit_bmp280
  5. spi = busio.SPI(board.SCK, MOSI=board.MOSI, MISO=board.MISO)
  6. cs = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D5)
  7. sensor = adafruit_bmp280.Adafruit_BMP280_SPI(spi, cs)

Now you’re ready to read values from the sensor using any of these properties:

  • temperature – The sensor temperature in degrees Celsius.
  • pressure – The pressure in hPa.
  • altitude – The altitude in meters.

For example to print temperature and pressure:

 Download: file

  1. print(‘Temperature: {} degrees C’.format(sensor.temperature))
  2. print(‘Pressure: {}hPa’.format(sensor.pressure))
adafruit_products_Screen_Shot_2017-11-10_at_3.33.47_PM.png

For altitude you’ll want to set the pressure at sea level for your location to get the most accurate measure (remember these sensors can only infer altitude based on pressure and need a set calibration point).  Look at your local weather report for a pressure at sea level reading and set the seaLevelhPA property:

 Download: file

  1. sensor.sea_level_pressure = 1013.25

Then read the altitude property for a more accurate altitude reading (but remember this altitude will fluctuate based on atmospheric pressure changes!):

 Download: file

  1. print(‘Altitude: {} meters’.format(sensor.altitude))
adafruit_products_alti.png

That’s all there is to using the BMP280 sensor with CircuitPython!

Here’s a starting example that will print out the temperature, pressure and altitude every 2 seconds:

 Download: Project Zip or bmp280_simpletest.py

  1. import time
  2.  
  3. import board
  4. # import digitalio # For use with SPI
  5. import busio
  6.  
  7. import adafruit_bmp280
  8.  
  9. # Create library object using our Bus I2C port
  10. i2c = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
  11. bmp280 = adafruit_bmp280.Adafruit_BMP280_I2C(i2c)
  12.  
  13. # OR create library object using our Bus SPI port
  14. #spi = busio.SPI(board.SCK, board.MOSI, board.MISO)
  15. #bmp_cs = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D10)
  16. #bmp280 = adafruit_bmp280.Adafruit_BMP280_SPI(spi, bmp_cs)
  17.  
  18. # change this to match the location’s pressure (hPa) at sea level
  19. bmp280.sea_level_pressure = 1013.25
  20.  
  21. while True:
  22. print(“\nTemperature: %0.1f C” % bmp280.temperature)
  23. print(“Pressure: %0.1f hPa” % bmp280.pressure)
  24. print(“Altitude = %0.2f meters” % bmp280.altitude)
  25. time.sleep(2)

GPS Code for USB Receiver

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import serial
gpsPort = "/dev/ttyACM0"
gpsSerial = serial.Serial(gpsPort, baudrate = 9600, timeout = 0.5)

def parseGPS(data):
    gps = data

    try:        
        if gps[2:8] == "$GNGGA":
            gps = gps.split(",")

            timeHour = (int(gps[1][0:2]) - 4) % 24
            timeMin = int(gps[1][2:4])
            timeSec = int(gps[1][4:6])
            print("Time: " + str(timeHour) + ":" + str(timeMin) + ":" + str(timeSec))

            latDeg = int(gps[2][0:2])
            latMin = int(gps[2][2:4])
            latSec = float(gps[2][5:9]) * (3/500)
            latNS = gps[3]
            print("Latitude:  " + str(latDeg) + "°" + str(latMin) + "'" + str(latSec) + '" ' + latNS)

            longDeg = int(gps[4][0:3])
            longMin = int(gps[4][3:5])
            longSec = float(gps[4][6:10]) * (3/500)
            longEW = gps[5]
            print("Longitude:  " + str(longDeg) + "°" + str(longMin) + "'" + str(longSec) + '" ' + longEW)

            alt = float(gps[9])
            print("Altitude: " + str(alt) + " m")

            sat = int(gps[7])
            print("Satellites: " + str(sat))
        if gps[2:8] == "$GNRMC":
            gps = gps.split(",")

            speed = float(gps[7]) * 1.852
            print("Speed: " + str(speed) + " km/h")
            
            head = float(gps[8])
            print("Heading: " + str(head))
        else:
            gps = ""
    except Exception as error:
        print(error)

    return gps
while True:
    print(parseGPS(gpsSerial.readline()))

Current Combined Code

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import os
import picamera
import sense_hat
import time
import yagmail

camera = picamera.PiCamera()
camera.resolution = (1280, 720)
framerate = 5
camera.framerate = framerate
camera.annotate_text_size = 18

senseHat = sense_hat.SenseHat()

gps = "GPS Data"

def annotate():
    timeNow = "Time: " + str(time.strftime("%a %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
    temperatureNow = "Temperature: " + str(round(senseHat.get_temperature())) + " C"
    humidityNow = "Humidity: " + str(round(senseHat.get_humidity())) + "%"
    locationNow = "Location: " +gps
    
    annotation = timeNow + "\n" + temperatureNow + "\n" + humidityNow + "\n" + locationNow
    return annotation

def getPicture(annotation):
    filename = "/home/pi/Pictures/" + str(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d@%H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) + ".jpg"

    try:
        camera.start_preview()
        time.sleep(5)
        camera.annotate_text = annotation
        camera.capture(filename)
        camera.stop_preview()
    except Exception as error:
        print(error)

    return filename

def getVideo(length):
    filename = "/home/pi/Videos/" + str(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d@%H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) + ".mp4"
    
    try:
        camera.start_recording("/home/pi/testVideo.h264")

        for index in range(length):
            camera.annotate_text = (annotate())
            time.sleep(1)
        
        camera.stop_recording()
    except Exception as error:
        print(error)

    os.system("ffmpeg -r " + str(framerate) + " -i /home/pi/testVideo.h264 -vcodec copy " + filename)

    return filename

def sendMail(filename):
    receiver = ["yoimgeorge25@gmail.com", "otheremail@gmail.com"]
    body = "Sent at " + str(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())) + "."

    try:
        gmail = yagmail.SMTP("email@gmail.com", "password")

        gmail.send(
            to = receiver,
            subject = "Paul's Balloon",
            contents = body, 
            attachments = filename
        )
    except Exception as error:
        print(error)

    print("Message sent.")

sendMail(getPicture(annotate()))

.h264 to .mp4 Video with MP4Box

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MP4 Video Format

The Pi captures video as a raw H264 video stream. Many media players will refuse to play it, or play it at an incorrect speed, unless it is “wrapped” in a suitable container format like MP4. The easiest way to obtain an MP4 file from the raspivid command is using MP4Box.

Install MP4Box with this command:

sudo apt-get install -y gpac

Capture your raw video with raspivid and wrap it in an MP4 container like this:

# Capture 30 seconds of raw video at 640x480 and 150kB/s bit rate into a pivideo.h264 file:
raspivid -t 30000 -w 640 -h 480 -fps 25 -b 1200000 -p 0,0,640,480 -o pivideo.h264 
# Wrap the raw video with an MP4 container: 
MP4Box -add pivideo.h264 pivideo.mp4
# Remove the source raw file, leaving the remaining pivideo.mp4 file to play
rm pivideo.h264

Alternatively, wrap MP4 around your existing raspivid output, like this:

MP4Box -add video.h264 video.mp4

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